Valvular heart disease can be classified into three main types: aortic valve disease, mitral valve disease.
Aortic stenosis, especially the age-related kind, is the most common type of valvular heart disease.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) can sometimes indicate signs of heart valve problems, but it's not a definitive diagnostic tool. However, further tests like echocardiography are usually needed for a definitive diagnosis.
Risk factors for heart valve disease include age (risk increases with age), history of rheumatic fever or infective endocarditis, congenital heart defects, previous heart surgery, and conditions like hypertension and high cholesterol.
Heart valve blockage, typically due to stenosis, is usually diagnosed using echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart). This test can visualize the structure and function of the heart valves and assess blood flow through them.
Exercises that improve cardiovascular fitness and overall heart health can indirectly benefit heart valves. These include aerobic exercises like walking, swimming, and cycling, as well as strength training exercises under guidance to avoid excessive strain.
In some cases, heart valve repair can be performed using minimally invasive techniques, such as transcatheter procedures.
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